With regard to the causes and solutions of the problem of blackening of the gold plating layer on the PCB board, it is a common issue for the gold layer to blacken during the copying process. However, due to differences in production lines, equipment, and chemical systems used in various factories, we will analyze the issue from the following three aspects:
1. Control of nickel coating thickness
The blackening of the gold coating is a common issue, but it is essential to consider the thickness of the electroplated nickel layer. The gold plating layer on a PCB is usually very thin, and this thinness is evident on the gold plating surface. Many problems stem from poor nickel plating performance. In general, a thin nickel plating can cause the product’s appearance to turn white and black. Therefore, this is the first aspect that factory engineers and technicians should check. Generally, the thickness of the nickel layer needs to be electroplated to about 5um.
2. Solution for Nickel Plating Cylinder
Let’s discuss the solution for nickel cylinders. If the nickel cylinder solution is not well-maintained for a long time and carbon treatment is not carried out in a timely manner, the nickel coating is prone to producing lamellar crystals, which increases the hardness and brittleness of the coating. This can result in serious blackening coating problems. This is a control focus that is often neglected by many people and is a significant cause of problems. Therefore, it is important to carefully check the liquid state of your production line, conduct comparative analysis, and perform thorough carbon treatment in a timely manner to restore the activity of the liquid and clean the electroplating solution.
3. Gold Plating Bottle Control
Now let’s talk about gold column control. Generally, as long as good liquid medicine filtration and supplementation are maintained, the pollution degree and stability of the gold bottle will be better than that of the nickel bottle. However, it is important to check if the following aspects are in good condition:
1) Is the gold can sufficiently and excessively supplemented?
2) How is the pH value of the liquid medicine controlled?
3) Conductive salt?
If there are no issues found in the inspection results, use the AA machine to analyze the impurity content in the solution. Also, ensure the safe storage of the liquid medicine in the tank. Lastly, do not forget to check if the gold canister filter cotton core has not been replaced for a long time.
4. PCB Board Layer Types
The number and structure of PCB layers refer to the number of different layers that will carry signals. The layer type represents the type of signal that will propagate along the layer. Each signal layer or PCB board layer is composed of a dielectric material with a copper surface. Most layers are etched, but the copper surface can also be a solid plane for grounding or energizing. The signal types can be divided into high frequency, low frequency, power supply, or grounding, and the dielectric and copper may have different design requirements depending on the type of signal.
5. Design Requirements for PCB Board Layer Types
The main materials of PCB layers are dielectric and copper. Dielectric materials provide isolation between different signal types on adjacent layers and determine the resistivity of the circuit board. The surface copper of this layer defines the tracking current capacity, resistance, and loss. The weight or thickness of copper is used to ensure sufficient current. The weight of copper is closely related to the tracking width and length, which specify the physical space of each signal path. For high-frequency PCB AC signals, trace matching (length and width) is crucial for signal integrity, while for power and ground signals, minimizing losses (corresponding to shorter traces) is important.
6. Optimizing the PCB Board Layer
To create the best PCB layout for your design, it is necessary to optimize it through the optimal selection of the stack and the PCB board layer it consists of. Following specific tips can help you achieve these goals.
7. Stacking Tips for PCB Board Layers
1) Determine your motherboard signal type
2) Determine the number and type of vias
3) Determine the number of signal layers required
4) Determine the number of aircraft required
8. Tips for Selecting PCB Board Layers
1) Define layers according to signal type
2) Select layer dielectric and copper according to signal requirements
3) Optimize your selection based on their importance to the PCB layer type. Only by following good examples and working with the CM, can you optimize the PCB layer of the PCB board.
1. Control of nickel coating thickness
The blackening of the gold coating is a common issue, but it is essential to consider the thickness of the electroplated nickel layer. The gold plating layer on a PCB is usually very thin, and this thinness is evident on the gold plating surface. Many problems stem from poor nickel plating performance. In general, a thin nickel plating can cause the product’s appearance to turn white and black. Therefore, this is the first aspect that factory engineers and technicians should check. Generally, the thickness of the nickel layer needs to be electroplated to about 5um.
2. Solution for Nickel Plating Cylinder
Let’s discuss the solution for nickel cylinders. If the nickel cylinder solution is not well-maintained for a long time and carbon treatment is not carried out in a timely manner, the nickel coating is prone to producing lamellar crystals, which increases the hardness and brittleness of the coating. This can result in serious blackening coating problems. This is a control focus that is often neglected by many people and is a significant cause of problems. Therefore, it is important to carefully check the liquid state of your production line, conduct comparative analysis, and perform thorough carbon treatment in a timely manner to restore the activity of the liquid and clean the electroplating solution.
3. Gold Plating Bottle Control
Now let’s talk about gold column control. Generally, as long as good liquid medicine filtration and supplementation are maintained, the pollution degree and stability of the gold bottle will be better than that of the nickel bottle. However, it is important to check if the following aspects are in good condition:
1) Is the gold can sufficiently and excessively supplemented?
2) How is the pH value of the liquid medicine controlled?
3) Conductive salt?
If there are no issues found in the inspection results, use the AA machine to analyze the impurity content in the solution. Also, ensure the safe storage of the liquid medicine in the tank. Lastly, do not forget to check if the gold canister filter cotton core has not been replaced for a long time.
4. PCB Board Layer Types
The number and structure of PCB layers refer to the number of different layers that will carry signals. The layer type represents the type of signal that will propagate along the layer. Each signal layer or PCB board layer is composed of a dielectric material with a copper surface. Most layers are etched, but the copper surface can also be a solid plane for grounding or energizing. The signal types can be divided into high frequency, low frequency, power supply, or grounding, and the dielectric and copper may have different design requirements depending on the type of signal.
5. Design Requirements for PCB Board Layer Types
The main materials of PCB layers are dielectric and copper. Dielectric materials provide isolation between different signal types on adjacent layers and determine the resistivity of the circuit board. The surface copper of this layer defines the tracking current capacity, resistance, and loss. The weight or thickness of copper is used to ensure sufficient current. The weight of copper is closely related to the tracking width and length, which specify the physical space of each signal path. For high-frequency PCB AC signals, trace matching (length and width) is crucial for signal integrity, while for power and ground signals, minimizing losses (corresponding to shorter traces) is important.
6. Optimizing the PCB Board Layer
To create the best PCB layout for your design, it is necessary to optimize it through the optimal selection of the stack and the PCB board layer it consists of. Following specific tips can help you achieve these goals.
7. Stacking Tips for PCB Board Layers
1) Determine your motherboard signal type
2) Determine the number and type of vias
3) Determine the number of signal layers required
4) Determine the number of aircraft required
8. Tips for Selecting PCB Board Layers
1) Define layers according to signal type
2) Select layer dielectric and copper according to signal requirements
3) Optimize your selection based on their importance to the PCB layer type. Only by following good examples and working with the CM, can you optimize the PCB layer of the PCB board.
