Recent Developments in PCB Power Supply Design
With the rapid progress of new energy and intelligent network technologies, vehicle design is moving beyond the conventional 12V system. Higher voltages like 380V and lower voltages such as 1.3V in integrated circuits are becoming more prevalent.
Shift in Power Supply Chip Design
Traditionally, LDOs were the go-to choice in power supply chip design. However, there is now a shift towards utilizing Buck and Boost converters, making electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design crucial in power supply systems.
Focus on PCB Power Supply Design
This article focuses on a PCB power supply to address common issues encountered in power supply PCB design, aiming to offer insights into overcoming EMC challenges in power modules.
Identified Design Issues:
- The interface filter is positioned too far from the interface.
- Interface filter components lack a straight, vertical alignment.
- Power filters are not grouped together.
- The switching power input and output loop is excessively large.
Key Design Concepts:
When designing a switching power supply PCB, controlling the input rectifier filter loop, power loop, output rectifier loop, and output filter loop area is crucial. These loops should have short routing paths and be kept compact.
EMC Layout Design Essentials:
- Avoid placing sensitive signals near high-current and frequency signals.
- Route the current loop as compactly as possible.
- Separate analog ground and power ground, connecting them through vias or star points.
- For multi-channel IC power supplies, implement single-point grounding to reduce crosstalk.
- Isolate the control loop from the power loop.
- Position decoupling capacitors close to the IC power pins.
- Use small capacitance near the chip pins for power supply filtering.
- Place anti-reflection and clamping protection devices near connectors.
- Ensure proper isolation between high-voltage and low-voltage grounds.
- Pay attention to the spacing of safety-related cables.
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