The following outlines the process of creating a PCB board using Protel DXP. The entire production process is divided into 16 steps. While some of these steps may not be necessary for every PCB design, they are commonly encountered in engineering PCB production. Below, we will detail each step.

1. Obtain the correct schematic and netlist

Drawing the schematic diagram is essential for creating the PCB layout, and the netlist serves as a bridge connecting the schematic to the PCB diagram. Therefore, it is crucial to first acquire an accurate schematic and netlist before proceeding with PCB design. Additionally, we can manually modify the netlist to include pads not represented in the schematic, such as fixed pins for certain components, and those lacking physical connections can be designated as ground or protective ground.

2. Create a package library for custom devices

Custom packages must be developed prior to PCB design. When fabricating PCB circuit boards, these self-created packages will be imported for use.

3. Plan the circuit board


1. Whether the circuit board is single-sided or multi-layered, it’s essential to consider specific parameters such as the shape, size, and installation method of the circuit board. Additionally, the interface between the circuit board and the external environment should be evaluated, and the appropriate connector package type must be selected.

2. Draw the prohibited wiring layer

Place a suitably sized pad where the fixing hole is needed. For a 3mm screw, a pad with an outer diameter of 6.5-8mm and an inner diameter of 3.2-3.5mm can be used. For standard boards, these can be sourced from other boards or PCB Wizard.

3. Set environmental parameters

Environmental parameters can be tailored to personal preferences. These parameters include grid size, cursor capture size, conversion between metric and imperial units, working layer colors, etc.

4. Open all library files to be used and load the netlist file

It’s crucial to open all library files before importing the netlist file; otherwise, the components won’t be able to locate their packages during the import process.

5. Set working parameters

This step primarily involves configuring the layer settings for the PCB.

6. Manual layout of components

Consider factors such as mechanical structure, heat dissipation, electromagnetic interference, and future wiring convenience. Start by positioning components related to mechanical dimensions and lock them in place, followed by larger and core components of the circuit, and then the smaller peripheral components. If the same device comes in multiple package forms, you can switch to a secondary package form for placement, using the cancel component group function, and then re-import the netlist for the new placement. After positioning, utilize the VIEW3D function to visualize the actual arrangement. Adjust as necessary, then lock all devices. If space allows, consider adding some experimental wiring areas. For larger boards, additional fixing screw holes should be added in the center, and more should be placed near heavy components or larger connectors. If needed, include test pads in suitable locations. Increase the size of any vias that are too small and connect all fixing screw hole pads to ground or protective ground.

7. Develop detailed wiring rules

Wiring rules should include layer usage, line width for each group, via spacing, and wiring topology. These rules must be defined based on the specific conditions of the designed board. Additionally, place the FILE filling layer (such as the wiring layer beneath the radiator and the two-pin crystal oscillator) in areas where wiring is not desired.

8. Manually pre-wire some important lines

Circuits such as crystal oscillators, PLLs, and small-signal analog circuits require manual wiring. Additionally, any circuits that must follow specified routes should also be wired manually.

9. Automatic wiring

Before starting automatic wiring, set the function parameters, including selecting the Lock All Pre-Route feature, which prevents coverage of pre-arranged circuits. If automatic wiring fails to connect fully, manual completion or a single UNDO action can be used. Avoid using the undo all wiring function, as this will delete all pre-wiring, free pads, and vias. Adjust the layout or wiring rules as necessary and re-route. Conduct a DRC after completing this step to identify and correct any errors. If discrepancies are found in the schematic during layout and wiring, promptly update the schematic and netlist, making manual adjustments as needed before proceeding with wiring.

10. Adjustment after wiring is completed

After the layout, make preliminary manual adjustments to the wiring. Adjustments should include thickening ground wires, power wires, and output wires as needed; redistributing overly convoluted wires; and eliminating unnecessary vias. Switch to single-layer display mode to organize each wiring layer neatly. Frequent DRC checks during manual adjustments are crucial, as disconnections may occur. When nearing completion, print out each wiring layer separately to facilitate changes. Once satisfied, use the VIEW3D function to check the final effect before moving on.

11. Copper coating and teardrop

Add teardrops to all vias and pads, ensuring they are included for patches and single-sided boards. Copper-clad the ground wire network across each wiring layer to improve the board’s resistance to interference.

12. DRC inspection

To ensure that the circuit board design adheres to all design rules and that all networks are correctly connected, conduct a DRC inspection after wiring.

13. Adjust the information on the remaining layers

After completing all adjustments and passing the DRC, reposition all characters on the silk screen layer appropriately. Ensure they do not interfere with components, vias, or pads. Resize any excessively large characters as needed. Finally, include the board name, design version number, company name, the date of the file’s first processing, and any other pertinent information, using a third-party program to add Chinese annotations if required.

14. Save and export of printed board files

After completing the PCB design in Protel DXP, organize and archive the printed board files, and print the drawings. You can export the component list and generate a spreadsheet for the components. Lastly, note any special requirements on the circuit board before submitting it to the PCB processing factory for manufacturing.