1. Chip programming is the process of transferring a program from a computer to a chip IC through burning. Currently, common types of chip programming include PROM and EPROM.

2. PCBA processing technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated, and its range of applications is expanding. PCBA is now ubiquitous in everyday life, present in devices such as mobile phones, watches, cars, trains, and even pens. PCBA has found its way into virtually every industry.

3. To ensure that PCBA meets the desired design functions, both hardware and software cooperation are essential. With the rise of intelligent products and increasing demands for customized programs, PCBA processing requires not only hardware management but also chip programming.

4. Chip burning involves writing a program into the chip’s internal storage space using a burning tool. This process is generally categorized into offline and online burning. In the following sections, PCBA R&D and manufacturing experts will explain common burning methods.

1. **Chip Offline Programming**

2. Compatible with various chip packages through different adapters, programming can only be completed when the chip and adapter are used together. The adapter itself serves as a precision fixture, and different chips and packages require specific adapters. Currently, widely used chips like Emmc are evolving towards miniaturization and planar packaging such as BGA and QFN, and the cost of adapters for these packaging types is relatively high.

3. If an error occurs during production testing and re-correction is necessary, the chip must be removed from the adapter and reprogrammed according to the prescribed process. This procedure is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Unexpected issues during PCB processing and production, such as insufficient temperature resistance of the circuit board, may lead to chip deformation upon disassembly, which can increase the risk of scrap.

4. **Chip PCBA Online Programming**

5. Online programming uses the chip’s standard communication bus, such as USB, SWD, JTAG, UART, etc. The interface is typically fixed, and fewer pins need to be connected during programming. Because the communication rate is relatively low, it can be accomplished with ordinary wires, and chip programming does not require high power consumption.

6. Since online programming is conducted via wire connection, if an error is detected during production testing, the PCBA can be reprogrammed immediately without removing the chip. This not only reduces production costs but also enhances programming efficiency.

7. More importantly, the production line is increasingly moving towards automation. Many manufacturers now incorporate ICT, FCT, and other functional testing machines into their production lines. By using automatic fixtures and online programming, manual operations can be minimized. The process involves burning the chip directly after board mounting, followed by sending the PCBA to testing machines for evaluation. This fully automated production process can significantly boost efficiency.

8. Therefore, in PCBA processing, the benefits of online programming are substantial. It has become a critical indicator for assessing process accuracy, production efficiency, cost, quality control, scale, and capital in the PCBA manufacturing industry.
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