Integrated Circuits (ICs) encompass a broad category of semiconductor components categorized into digital, analog, microwave, and other types. Digital ICs primarily handle digital signals for transmission, processing, and management, representing the most prevalent and rapidly advancing type. They can be further classified into general-purpose and specialized digital ICs. In contrast, analog ICs process continuous analog signals like light and sound, categorized into standard and specialized types such as amplifiers and data converters.