The PCB design process involves three main steps: schematic design, netlist generation, and PCB layout. Specific requirements include optimizing component placement and trace routing to minimize interference, such as separating parallel signal lines with a ground wire and aligning adjacent layer traces perpendicularly. Effective grounding involves placing separate power and ground planes perpendicular across layers. Trace widths are critical, with wider ground traces recommended for digital circuit PCBs to establish a robust ground network.