1. Technical measures to enhance the reliability of PCB equipment encompass various aspects: scheme selection, circuit design, circuit board design, structural design, component selection, production processes, and more. The specific measures are outlined below:
(1) Simplified Scheme Design
When designing the scheme, ensure that the equipment meets technical and performance indicators, while simplifying the design as much as possible. Utilize a modular design approach, popular worldwide, to enhance equipment reliability. By breaking down functions into simpler blocks and composing the system of modules, design complexity is reduced, leading to standardization. Abundant evidence from domestic and international sources supports this approach, recommending the adoption of modular design in product development.
(2) Using Modules and Standard Parts
Modules and standard components, proven for reliability through extensive testing and usage, effectively eliminate equipment defects and ease maintenance. Their utilization not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces development cycles, facilitating rapid modifications and installations.
(3) Improving Integration
Selecting large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits with high functionality and integration minimizes component count, consequently reducing potential failure points. This approach not only enhances equipment reliability but also shortens research and development cycles.
(4) Derating Design
Derating design entails operating components below their rated stress levels, effectively reducing failure rates. Parameters such as temperature and electrical characteristics are derated to mitigate component failures under varying stress conditions. Different components necessitate consideration of diverse factors such as voltage range, current, temperature, frequency, and vibration. Capacitors, resistors, inductors, power supplies, cables, and connectors require derating design to optimize reliability.
(5) Selecting High-Quality PCB Board Components
Component quality directly impacts equipment reliability. Utilize industrial-grade or higher components, undergoing rigorous aging screening, especially for military communication equipment, to eliminate early failures.
(6) Maximizing Software Resources
Leverage the flexibility of software programming to its fullest potential in the design process. Abundant debugging methods and tools expedite fault localization and problem-solving, thereby enhancing reliability.
(7) Reliable Structure and Advanced Technology
Minimize connectors and metallized holes in circuit and structural design. Directly solder circuit components and chips onto the printed board whenever possible. Opt for surface mount devices and technology to prevent poor contact and ensure equipment reliability.
(8) Thermal Design
Implement thermal protection measures to control equipment temperature during operation, ensuring optimal heat dissipation and thermal reliability. Consider both excessive and insufficient temperatures, testing equipment for low-temperature operation environments.
(9) Electromagnetic Compatibility Design
Implement effective anti-interference measures, including shielding and filtering, to counteract natural and man-made electromagnetic fields. In military equipment, protection against high-energy electromagnetic waves is crucial to prevent equipment failure and ensure reliable operation.
(10) Anti-Vibration Shock Design
Enhance mechanical strength and rigidity while incorporating vibration damping and buffering measures to improve equipment reliability against vibrations and impacts during usage and transportation.
(11) Fault Indicating Devices
Incorporate fault detection circuits and alarm devices to promptly identify faults, thereby reducing equipment troubleshooting time.
(12) Simple Operation and Maintenance
Emphasize user-friendly operation and maintenance by employing plug-in units, modules, modularization, standardized structures, and quick disassembly features. Modular equipment structures simplify operation and maintenance on PCB boards, proven through practical experience.
(1) Simplified Scheme Design
When designing the scheme, ensure that the equipment meets technical and performance indicators, while simplifying the design as much as possible. Utilize a modular design approach, popular worldwide, to enhance equipment reliability. By breaking down functions into simpler blocks and composing the system of modules, design complexity is reduced, leading to standardization. Abundant evidence from domestic and international sources supports this approach, recommending the adoption of modular design in product development.
(2) Using Modules and Standard Parts
Modules and standard components, proven for reliability through extensive testing and usage, effectively eliminate equipment defects and ease maintenance. Their utilization not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces development cycles, facilitating rapid modifications and installations.
(3) Improving Integration
Selecting large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits with high functionality and integration minimizes component count, consequently reducing potential failure points. This approach not only enhances equipment reliability but also shortens research and development cycles.
(4) Derating Design
Derating design entails operating components below their rated stress levels, effectively reducing failure rates. Parameters such as temperature and electrical characteristics are derated to mitigate component failures under varying stress conditions. Different components necessitate consideration of diverse factors such as voltage range, current, temperature, frequency, and vibration. Capacitors, resistors, inductors, power supplies, cables, and connectors require derating design to optimize reliability.
(5) Selecting High-Quality PCB Board Components
Component quality directly impacts equipment reliability. Utilize industrial-grade or higher components, undergoing rigorous aging screening, especially for military communication equipment, to eliminate early failures.
(6) Maximizing Software Resources
Leverage the flexibility of software programming to its fullest potential in the design process. Abundant debugging methods and tools expedite fault localization and problem-solving, thereby enhancing reliability.
(7) Reliable Structure and Advanced Technology
Minimize connectors and metallized holes in circuit and structural design. Directly solder circuit components and chips onto the printed board whenever possible. Opt for surface mount devices and technology to prevent poor contact and ensure equipment reliability.
(8) Thermal Design
Implement thermal protection measures to control equipment temperature during operation, ensuring optimal heat dissipation and thermal reliability. Consider both excessive and insufficient temperatures, testing equipment for low-temperature operation environments.
(9) Electromagnetic Compatibility Design
Implement effective anti-interference measures, including shielding and filtering, to counteract natural and man-made electromagnetic fields. In military equipment, protection against high-energy electromagnetic waves is crucial to prevent equipment failure and ensure reliable operation.
(10) Anti-Vibration Shock Design
Enhance mechanical strength and rigidity while incorporating vibration damping and buffering measures to improve equipment reliability against vibrations and impacts during usage and transportation.
(11) Fault Indicating Devices
Incorporate fault detection circuits and alarm devices to promptly identify faults, thereby reducing equipment troubleshooting time.
(12) Simple Operation and Maintenance
Emphasize user-friendly operation and maintenance by employing plug-in units, modules, modularization, standardized structures, and quick disassembly features. Modular equipment structures simplify operation and maintenance on PCB boards, proven through practical experience.
