Examining PCBs superficially, one might presume them to be uniform in quality. It is in fact, the subtle differences lying beneath the surface that are crucial to the enduring functionality and reliability of these circuit boards. Whether in the manufacturing process or during use, it is essential for PCBs to deliver consistent performance. The presence of defects during assembly can carry over into the final product and lead to failures during use, resulting in costly claims. Therefore, the expense of high-quality PCBs can be deemed insignificant in comparison to the potential repercussions. Across all market segments, particularly in critical application areas, the consequences of such failures can be disastrous. This aspect should be taken into account when comparing PCB prices. While products offering reliability, longevity, and guaranteed performance may entail higher initial costs, they prove to be worthwhile investments in the long run.
Let us now examine the 14 critical characteristics of high-reliability circuit boards:

1. 25-micron hole wall copper thickness

• Benefit: Enhanced reliability, improved z-axis expansion resistance
• Risks: Potential hole blowing or degassing, electrical connectivity issues, possible failure under load conditions

1. No repair welding or open circuit repair

• Benefit: Ensures perfect circuit, reliability, safety, and eliminates the need for maintenance
• Risks: Risk of circuit board opening if not repaired properly, potential failure under load conditions

1. Exceed cleanliness requirements of IPC specifications

• Benefit: Improved PCB cleanliness, enhanced reliability
• Risks: Residues and solder build-up pose a risk to the solder mask, ionic residues causing corrosion and contamination, leading to increased probability of actual failures

1. Strict control of surface treatment lifespan

• Benefit: Enhanced solderability, reliability, reduced risk of moisture intrusion
• Risks: Solderability problems, potential moisture intrusion causing delamination, open circuit, and separation issues

1. Usage of internationally renowned substrates, avoiding “local” or unknown brands

• Benefit: Improved reliability, known performance
• Risks: Poor mechanical properties leading to unexpected performance issues, including delamination, open circuit, and warpage problems, as well as impaired electrical properties impacting impedance performance.