Automating processes in various industries necessitates the integration of robots and their electronic components. A pivotal component in robotics is the Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which plays a crucial role in electronic control and manipulation. Given the widespread use of robotics across industries, there is an increasing demand for PCB production solutions that cater to the diverse requirements of automated systems.

The PCB serves as the control system, constituting one of the five essential elements ensuring the smooth operation of a robot. These elements encompass sensors, motion and feedback mechanisms, the physical body, the power supply, and, of course, the PCB. Given its pivotal role in controlling the robot, the design and construction of the PCB are non-negotiable for robot manufacturers.

The design process for robot PCBs and PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) begins with the schematic phase, a critical step for outlining components and their layout on the board. Precision is paramount during PCB design to preempt issues in the evaluation or manufacturing phases. Design considerations include alignment widths, drill sizes, and package design.

Alignment width is a critical factor as it determines the space available for current flow. Both power and earth wires utilize these alignments, requiring sufficient width. It’s essential to avoid layouts that necessitate sharp 90-degree turns, as inadequate raceway dimensions can lead to thermal damage on PCB components. While ensuring adequate width, caution must be exercised to prevent interference with other PCBA components.

Drill size, determining the width of holes in the PCB, is another crucial consideration. Indicating a slightly larger drill size than required compensates for solder filling and any discrepancies between the designated space and the hole. Additionally, maintaining specific distances from alignments, planes, or pads is vital, with holes no smaller than 0.008″ in diameter.

Robotic circuit boards encounter various challenges to ensure proper functionality. High-quality PCBs are imperative for reliable robot operation, particularly in applications where human lives or safety are at risk. Quality assurance processes during manufacture, including adherence to standards such as ISO 9001:2015, IPC-6012, and IPC-A-600, contribute to the overall quality of the finished board.

Mitigating PCB-related risks is another challenge in robotic applications. Design reviews before engineering, employing techniques like design rule checking, are essential. This ensures manufacturability and helps identify potential issues, such as space and alignment concerns, aspect ratio problems, or open/short circuits in the PCB design. Addressing these issues early in the process is crucial for avoiding the risks associated with poorly designed manufacturing PCBs.