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Flexible Circuit Boards: Evolution and Applications

Early flexible circuit boards, known as soft boards, were initially used in small electronic devices and for connecting rigid boards.
By the late 1970s, soft boards became prevalent in various electronic products like computers, cameras, printers, car stereos, and hard disk drives.
Today, the Japanese flexible PCB market focuses on consumer electronics, while the US has shifted from military to consumer applications.
Soft boards serve four main functions: Lead Line, Printed Circuit, Connector, and Functional Integration.
They are utilized in computers, consumer appliances, and automotive systems.

Copper Clad Laminator (CCL)

Copper foil comes in two types: E.D. (Electrodeposited) and R.A. (Rolled Annealed) copper.
R.A. copper, though pricier, offers superior flexibility compared to the less expensive but fragile E.D. copper.
Soft boards predominantly use R.A. copper for their copper foil.

Adhesive and Polyimide (Kapton) Layer

Adhesives are primarily acrylic or modified epoxy, crucial for bonding components on the board.
Kapton, a polyimide film, provides high-temperature resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent electrical insulation.
It meets specific soldering requirements and ensures stable chemical properties.

Features of Flexible Circuit Boards

High flexibility allows for three-dimensional wiring and adaptability to spatial constraints.
Resistant to extreme temperatures, flames, and electrostatic interference.
Maintains stable chemical properties for high reliability and stability.
Advantages include reduced product size, weight, costs, and enhanced functionality.

Polyimide Resin

Polyimide resin, a heat-resistant material, is versatile and widely used in sensors and PCBs.
Considerations for PCB applications include heat resistance, formability, mechanical properties, and cost.
Usage is expected to increase, especially in multilayer PCBs.

Conductors in PCBs utilize thin copper foil, essential for various electronic applications.

PCB Components

Connectors

Connectors play a crucial role in establishing affordable connections between hard boards in a wide range of electronic devices.
Multifunctional Integration

Integrating hard board lead wires and connectors in computer systems, cameras, and medical equipment enhances functionality and efficiency.